摘   要 

灌水器就是给植物或作物灌水用的器具。它是利用压力系统按照作物需水要求，通过配水管道系统将水和作物生长所需肥水养分以均匀地、准确地直接输送到植物、作物根部的土壤表面或土层中，使作物根部的土壤经常保持在最佳水、肥、气状态的灌水用器。微灌系统特制灌水器有滴头、微喷头、渗灌管和微管等；喷灌系统灌水器有各种喷头；人工淋灌系统有快速取水器；甚至把人工洒水用器等，也可以算作灌水器。
通过对结构 的分 析可 知：滴 灌带 迷宫 流道 发生 堵塞 的主 要结构上的原因是由于滴灌带迷宫流道和 进 水口 结 构设 计 不合 理； 从 流动 特 性分 析 中可 知 迷宫 流 道中 存 在着 “ 涡旋 区 ”， 且速 度很 低，这 些区 域为 堵塞 发生 的隐 患， 这可从流道中水砂两相流分析中颗粒的运动情 况得 到验 证。 在上 述分 析的 基础 上，对 滴灌 带的进水口、单元流道以及出水口的结构 进行 了整 体优 化改 进。对 改进 后的 滴灌 带中 流动场的速度分布以及两相流粒子的运动 情况 进行 了分 析。

关键词：灌水器，特征参——迷宫流道
 

Abstract

The appliance is to plant or crop irrigation water is used. It is the use of pressure system according to crop water requirement, the water distribution pipeline system will be water and fertilizer nutrients required for crop growth to uniformly, accurately delivered directly to the plant, the root of the crop soil surface or soil, the root of the crop soil kept in optimal water, fertilizer, gas state for irrigation. Micro irrigation system emitters have drip, micro sprinkler, infiltration irrigation tube and microtubule; irrigation system irrigation emitters have various nozzle; artificial irrigation system with fast water heater; even the device using artificial watering, can also be counted as emitter.
Through the analysis of the structure can be known: drip irrigation with labyrinth channel clogging the main reason is because the drip irrigation belt structure of labyrinth channel and inlet structure design is unreasonable; from the analysis flow characteristics of the knowledge flow in labyrinth in "vortex" road, and has very low speed of these areas, for the blockage of the hidden trouble, this can be from the flow of water and sand two phase flow analysis of particles motion situation to verify. On the basis of the analysis, the intake, drip irrigation belt unit flow passage and a water outlet structure of the whole optimization and improvement. The drip irrigation improved with the velocity distribution in the flow field and particle motion are analyzed.
Keywords: characteristic parameters of labyrinth channel emitters