设计简介
摘 要
桥式起重机是桥架在高架轨道上运行的一种桥架型起重机，又称天车。桥式起重机的桥架沿铺设在两侧高架上的轨道纵向运行，起重小车沿铺设在架上的轨道横向运行，构成一矩形的工作范围，就可以充分利用桥架下面的空间吊运物料，不受地面设备的阻碍。桥式起重机广泛地应用在室内外仓库、厂房、码头和露天贮料场等处。桥式起重机可分为普通桥式起重机、简易梁桥式起重机和冶金专用桥式起重机三种。
普通桥式起重机一般由起重小车、桥架运行机桥架金属结构组成。起重小车又由起升机构、小车运行机构和小车架三部分组成。起升机构包括电动机、制动器、减速器、卷筒和滑轮组。电动机通过减速器，带动卷筒转动，使钢丝绳绕上卷筒或从卷筒放下，以升降重物。小车架是支托和安装起升机构和小车运行机构等部件的机架，通常为焊接结构。起重机运行机构的驱动方式可分为两大类：一类为集中驱动，即用一台电动机带动长传动轴驱动两边的主动车轮；另一类为分别驱动、即两边的主动车轮各用一台电动机驱动。中、小型桥式起重机较多采用制动器、减速器和电动机组合成一体的“三合一”驱动方式，大起重量的普通桥式起重机为便于安装和调整，驱动装置常采用万向联轴器。起重机运行机构一般只用四个主动和从动车轮，如果起重量很大，常用增加车轮的办法来降低轮压。当车轮超过四个时，必须采用铰接均衡车架装置，使起重机的载荷均匀地分布在各车轮上。桥架的金属结构由主梁和端梁组成，分为单主梁桥架和双梁桥架两类。单主梁桥架由单根主梁和位于跨度两边的端梁组成，双梁桥架由两根主梁和端梁组成。主梁与端梁刚性连接，端梁两端装有车轮，用以支承桥架在高架上运行。主梁上焊有轨道，供起重小车运行。桥架主梁的结构类型较多比较典型的有箱形结构、四桁架结构和空腹桁架结构。箱形结构又可分为正轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形单主梁等几种。
本文先对SolidWorks软件作出简介，对此三维软件作出一系列的说明，而后对双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机设备进行介绍，并结合SolidWorks软件，将二者融会贯通。通过SolidWorks软件设计，从二维的AUTOCAD零件图纸，到三维的SolidWorks整个设备，大大地提高了设计的效果和效率，避免了工程师们在现实中出现的错误，切切实实地展现出三维软件的强大性能。
关键词：双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机；液压缸；Silidworks；设备。
absraote
Pneumatic manipulator is a automated devices that can mimic the human hand and arm movements to do something，aslo can according to a fixed procedure to moving objects or control tools. It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic energy sectors.
This article is mainly of the pneumatic manipulator the overall design, and pneumatic design. This mechanism of manipulator includes cylinders and claws and connectors parts, it can move according to the due track on the movement of grabbing, carrying and unloading. The pneumatic part of the design is primarily to choose the right valves and design a reasonable pneumatic control loop, by controlling and regulating pressure, flow and direction of the compressed air to make it get the necessary strength, speed and changed the direction of movement in the prescribed procedure work.
It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic .The principle, technical pare-maters, transmiting system and main parts structure of mincing ma-chine were introduced. The productingcapacity was analysed.Keywords Mincing machine Holds plate Cutting blade Transfer auger.
This paper discusses the meat processing machinery - crusher working principle, main technical parameters, transmission system, the typical parts of the structure design and production capacity analysis.
Small twisted paper broken machine for ordinary home, not only can be used for minced meat, can also be used with crushed peanuts, crushed ice, spices and other food, small power requirements, powered by the motor drive, reasonable structure design, can meet the family kitchen generally meat food consisting mainly of minced required.
Key word: pneumatic manipulator；cylinder；pneumatic loop；Four degrees of freedom.
双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机设计说明书
目录
摘要 3
Abstract 4
第一章绪论 5
1.1课题的来源与研究的目的与意义..............................................................................5
1.2双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机的方案分析....................................................................5
1.2.1 结构分析..................................................................................................................6
1.2.2 机械结构总体方案与布局..........................................................................7
1.3课题研究的内容..................................................................................................8
1.3.1 Solidworks设计基础..................................................................................9
1.3.2 草图绘制.....................................................................................................10
1.3.3 基准特征，参考几何体的创建..................................................................11
1.3.4 拉伸、旋转、扫描和放样特征建..............................................................12
1.3.5 工程图的设计.............................................................................................13
1.3.6 装配设计.....................................................................................................14
第二章机械结构的设计....................................................................................17
2.1 起升机构的设计 18
2.1.1 起升电动机的选型计算 18
2.1.2 圆柱齿轮减速器的选型计算 18
2.1.3 卷筒选型计算 19
2.1.4 浮动轴的设计计算 19
2.1.5 联轴器的选型计算 20
2.1.6 钢丝绳的选型计算 21
2.1.7 制动器的选型计算 22
2.2 行走小车的机构的设计 23
2.2.1小车行走电机的选型计算 24
2.2.2传动齿轮的设计计算 25
2.3 锁紧机构的选型计算 25
第三章 各部分强度的校核..26
3.1浮动轴强度的校核 26
3.2齿轮强度的校核 27
第四章 结构设计及三维建模 28
4.1起升电机的三维建模 29
4.2减速器的三维建模 29
4.3挂钩的三维建模 30
4.4双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机的三维建模 31
第五章 主要零件的有限元分析 32
5.1浮动轴的有限元分析 33
结论 34
致谢 35
参考文献 36
桥式起重机是桥架在高架轨道上运行的一种桥架型起重机，又称天车。桥式起重机的桥架沿铺设在两侧高架上的轨道纵向运行，起重小车沿铺设在架上的轨道横向运行，构成一矩形的工作范围，就可以充分利用桥架下面的空间吊运物料，不受地面设备的阻碍。桥式起重机广泛地应用在室内外仓库、厂房、码头和露天贮料场等处。桥式起重机可分为普通桥式起重机、简易梁桥式起重机和冶金专用桥式起重机三种。
普通桥式起重机一般由起重小车、桥架运行机桥架金属结构组成。起重小车又由起升机构、小车运行机构和小车架三部分组成。起升机构包括电动机、制动器、减速器、卷筒和滑轮组。电动机通过减速器，带动卷筒转动，使钢丝绳绕上卷筒或从卷筒放下，以升降重物。小车架是支托和安装起升机构和小车运行机构等部件的机架，通常为焊接结构。起重机运行机构的驱动方式可分为两大类：一类为集中驱动，即用一台电动机带动长传动轴驱动两边的主动车轮；另一类为分别驱动、即两边的主动车轮各用一台电动机驱动。中、小型桥式起重机较多采用制动器、减速器和电动机组合成一体的“三合一”驱动方式，大起重量的普通桥式起重机为便于安装和调整，驱动装置常采用万向联轴器。起重机运行机构一般只用四个主动和从动车轮，如果起重量很大，常用增加车轮的办法来降低轮压。当车轮超过四个时，必须采用铰接均衡车架装置，使起重机的载荷均匀地分布在各车轮上。桥架的金属结构由主梁和端梁组成，分为单主梁桥架和双梁桥架两类。单主梁桥架由单根主梁和位于跨度两边的端梁组成，双梁桥架由两根主梁和端梁组成。主梁与端梁刚性连接，端梁两端装有车轮，用以支承桥架在高架上运行。主梁上焊有轨道，供起重小车运行。桥架主梁的结构类型较多比较典型的有箱形结构、四桁架结构和空腹桁架结构。箱形结构又可分为正轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形单主梁等几种。
本文先对SolidWorks软件作出简介，对此三维软件作出一系列的说明，而后对双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机设备进行介绍，并结合SolidWorks软件，将二者融会贯通。通过SolidWorks软件设计，从二维的AUTOCAD零件图纸，到三维的SolidWorks整个设备，大大地提高了设计的效果和效率，避免了工程师们在现实中出现的错误，切切实实地展现出三维软件的强大性能。
关键词：双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机；液压缸；Silidworks；设备。
absraote
Pneumatic manipulator is a automated devices that can mimic the human hand and arm movements to do something，aslo can according to a fixed procedure to moving objects or control tools. It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic energy sectors.
This article is mainly of the pneumatic manipulator the overall design, and pneumatic design. This mechanism of manipulator includes cylinders and claws and connectors parts, it can move according to the due track on the movement of grabbing, carrying and unloading. The pneumatic part of the design is primarily to choose the right valves and design a reasonable pneumatic control loop, by controlling and regulating pressure, flow and direction of the compressed air to make it get the necessary strength, speed and changed the direction of movement in the prescribed procedure work.
It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic .The principle, technical pare-maters, transmiting system and main parts structure of mincing ma-chine were introduced. The productingcapacity was analysed.Keywords Mincing machine Holds plate Cutting blade Transfer auger.
This paper discusses the meat processing machinery - crusher working principle, main technical parameters, transmission system, the typical parts of the structure design and production capacity analysis.
Small twisted paper broken machine for ordinary home, not only can be used for minced meat, can also be used with crushed peanuts, crushed ice, spices and other food, small power requirements, powered by the motor drive, reasonable structure design, can meet the family kitchen generally meat food consisting mainly of minced required.
Key word: pneumatic manipulator；cylinder；pneumatic loop；Four degrees of freedom.
双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机设计说明书
目录
摘要 3
Abstract 4
第一章绪论 5
1.1课题的来源与研究的目的与意义..............................................................................5
1.2双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机的方案分析....................................................................5
1.2.1 结构分析..................................................................................................................6
1.2.2 机械结构总体方案与布局..........................................................................7
1.3课题研究的内容..................................................................................................8
1.3.1 Solidworks设计基础..................................................................................9
1.3.2 草图绘制.....................................................................................................10
1.3.3 基准特征，参考几何体的创建..................................................................11
1.3.4 拉伸、旋转、扫描和放样特征建..............................................................12
1.3.5 工程图的设计.............................................................................................13
1.3.6 装配设计.....................................................................................................14
第二章机械结构的设计....................................................................................17
2.1 起升机构的设计 18
2.1.1 起升电动机的选型计算 18
2.1.2 圆柱齿轮减速器的选型计算 18
2.1.3 卷筒选型计算 19
2.1.4 浮动轴的设计计算 19
2.1.5 联轴器的选型计算 20
2.1.6 钢丝绳的选型计算 21
2.1.7 制动器的选型计算 22
2.2 行走小车的机构的设计 23
2.2.1小车行走电机的选型计算 24
2.2.2传动齿轮的设计计算 25
2.3 锁紧机构的选型计算 25
第三章 各部分强度的校核..26
3.1浮动轴强度的校核 26
3.2齿轮强度的校核 27
第四章 结构设计及三维建模 28
4.1起升电机的三维建模 29
4.2减速器的三维建模 29
4.3挂钩的三维建模 30
4.4双梁悬挂过轨桥式起重机的三维建模 31
第五章 主要零件的有限元分析 32
5.1浮动轴的有限元分析 33
结论 34
致谢 35
参考文献 36
