液压工业是一个国家的重要产业，液压工业的发展无时不刻都在影响着国家经济的发展，人类的进步离不开液压工业的发展。在全球经济发展的大环境下，中国各个行业被其他国家的先进技术影响的同时，越来越多的外国企业和品牌传播到中国已经成为现实。在新的市场需求的推动下，对智能石材切割机进行改良和优化是当务之急。有大型智能石材切割机生产设备企业对设备的安全指标的有着一定生产的严格要求。在生产设备的企业，充分考虑到在设备运行中可能出现的问题，从而减少噪声污染引起的振动或不当操作设备的现象等。国内智能石材切割机的研发及制造要与全球号召的高效经济、安全稳定主题保持一致。智能石材切割机的发展与人类社会的进步和科学技术的水平密切相关。
     本次设计的智能石材切割机是综合运用所学的基本理论、基本知识和相关的液压系统专业知识，完成对智能石材切割机的设计，并绘制必要的智能石材切割机装配图、液压系统原理图。
 本文通过设计智能石材切割机，分析智能石材切割机的工作原理和动作过程，确定液压系统工作原理图，根据系统参数要求设计液压缸，完成智能石材切割机的装配图，并且能够使大家对智能石材切割机的具体结构构造和工作与原理有很好的认识和了解。

关键词： 石材      石材加工设备     PLC控制       自动化    

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Pneumatic manipulator is a automated devices that can mimic the human hand and arm movements to do something，aslo can according to a fixed procedure to moving objects or control tools. It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic energy sectors.
This article is mainly of the pneumatic manipulator the overall design, and pneumatic design. This mechanism of manipulator includes cylinders and claws and connectors parts, it can move according to the due track on the movement of grabbing, carrying and unloading. The pneumatic part of the design is primarily to choose the right valves and design a reasonable pneumatic control loop, by controlling and regulating pressure, flow and direction of the compressed air to make it get the necessary strength, speed and changed the direction of movement in the prescribed procedure work.It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic .The principle, technical pare-maters, transmiting system and main parts structure of mincing ma-chine were introduced.The productingcapacity was analysed.Keywords Mincing machine Holds plate Cutting blade Transfer augerFixture design process of drilling pump cover and reaming holes is designed with 18H7 include part machining process design, process design and fixture three. In process design should first of all parts for analysis, to understand part of the process to design blank structure, and choose the good parts machining datum, design the process routes of the parts; then the parts of each step in the process to the size calculation, the key is to determine the craft equipment and the cutting dosage of each working procedure design; then the special fixture, the fixture for the various components of the design, such as the connecting part positioning devices, clamping element, a guide element, fixture and machine tools and other components; positioning error calculated by the analysis of fixture, jig structure the rationality and the deficiency, pay attention to improving and will design in.
 Concurrent Engineering is the first to shorten product development cycles as a means to develop. Products will be characterized by the development, production engineering involved in the acts broken down into a series of tasks, such as market analysis, design, process design, production plans and equipment purchases, processing, quality assurance, testing and after sales service. These sub-tasks as far as possible and consider synchronous parallel to achieve improved design to shorten the cycle and improve quality, reduce costs, optimize the design purpose. It stressed that integrated, coordinated and parallel, namely:
(1) management, design, production, and service of all project-related personnel and product information integration as a whole, and stressed that all relevant departments and the interests of the overall goal line. 
(2) to the establishment of a competent and reasonable charge of the project personnel structure of the working group coordinated management model, by the Working Group in the ministries responsible for project elements, and the promotion of the coordination of tasks.
(3) parallel processing stages of the work. According to the project in the different tasks of the linkages between the different ministries mandate of the elements of the work process can be completely overlap or duplication. In accordance with these principles, formulate a reasonable, and optimize the work plan, and the location in which the necessary settings assessment, the Working Group by the project implementation so that all sub-tasks in parallel, to move forward in an orderly manner, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of the whole project .
According to the traditional methods of work, the work of the various stages in a row serial. In such a product development approach, divorced from each other at various stages, are not related, resulting in increased design error, and difficult to discover such a design rework, to lengthen the development cycle, adding to the costs.
    This paper discusses the meat processing machinery - crusher working principle, main technical parameters, transmission system, the typical parts of the structure design and production capacity analysis.
Small twisted paper broken machine for ordinary home, not only can be used for minced meat, can also be used with crushed peanuts, crushed ice, spices and other food, small power requirements, powered by the motor drive, reasonable structure design, can meet the family kitchen generally meat food consisting mainly of minced required.
Key word:    pneumatic manipulator    cylinder     pneumatic loop     Four degrees of freedom
 目    录
 
1绪论 9
  1.1课题的来源与研究的目的与意义.............................................................................10
   1.2智能型石材切割机的应用...............................................................................11
   1.3智能型石材切割机的组成.................................................................................12
   1.4 石材切割机的发展现状.......................................................................................13
   1.5石材切割机的分类............................................................................................14
2智能石材切割机液压控制系统的总体结构分析...................................................15
   2.1 智能型石材气割机的结构设计 16
     2.1.1伺服电机的选择与计算..........................................................................17
      2.1.2滚珠丝杆的选择与计算..........................................................................19
3升降液压系统的设计...................................................................................................22
3.1 执行元件分析...........................................................................................23
3.1.1 执行元件类型和选择...................................................................23
3.1.2 速度和载荷计算............................................................................23
3.1.3 执行元件的载荷计算及变化规律.............................................23
3.2 调速方案的选择.......................................................................................24
3.3 液压系统原理图的确定..........................................................................24
4液压缸的设计及计算...................................................................................................25
   4.1液压缸的类型及结构形式.....................................................................................26
   4.2 液压缸的工作压力...............................................................................................26
   4.3 液压缸尺寸计算...................................................................................................27
   4.4液压缸各工作阶段的压力、流量和功率计算....................................................27
   4.5 绘制液压缸的工况图...........................................................................................27
5拟定液压系统图..............................................................................................................28
   5.1选择液压基本回路.................................................................................................28
   5.2 组成系统图............................................................................................................28
6选择液压元件..................................................................................................................29
   6.1确定液压泵的容量及电机功率.............................................................................29
   6.2控制阀的选择.........................................................................................................30
   6.3确定油管直径..........................................................................................................31
   6.4确定油箱容积..........................................................................................................32
7液压系统的性能验算.......................................................................................................32
    7.1液压系统的压力损失计算....................................................................................33
    7.2液压系统的热量温升计算....................................................................................34
8智能型石材切割机PLC控制系统的设计.................................................................36
    8.1PLC简介..............................................................................................................37
    8.2可编程控制器的发展史..................................................................................42
    8.3PLC的发展趋势.................................................................................................43
     8.4智能型石材切割PLC软件系统的设计........................................................44
结论 45
参考文献 46
致谢....................................................................................................................................47
 

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