设计简介
经济型数控车床横向伺服单元设计
摘 要
本文主要是对普通机床的横向伺服进给系统进行设计，在合理选择数控系统的前提下，然后对普通车床的横向进给系统进行机械结构设计，在此基础上设计结构的控制电路图，最后检查设计成果。设计的内容主要包括：
(1) 床身的设计，为使重新设计后的机床有较好的精度保持性，除尽可能地减少电器和机械故障的同时，应充分考虑机床零部件的耐磨性，尤其是机床导轨。为此，论文中采用旧床身淬火并贴膜。
(2) 拖板的设计，拖板是数控系统直接控制的对象，所以对其设计尤显重要。这中间最突出一点就是拆除光杆，丝杠，选用滚珠丝杠代替丝杠，提高了传动的灵敏性和降低功率步进电机力矩损失，在拖板的一端装配上步进电机。
(3) 变速箱体的安装，由于在拖板的一端装配上伺服电机，所以要对输入和输出轴以及减速齿轮进行设计，装配上变速箱体。
(4) 设计系统电路图，在机械结构的设计基础上，设计出由单片机控制的电路图，实现机械的自动化功能。
上述设计完成后，进行典型零件的加工，以检验设计成果。
关键词：经济型；数控车床；横向伺服单元
摘 要
本文主要是对普通机床的横向伺服进给系统进行设计，在合理选择数控系统的前提下，然后对普通车床的横向进给系统进行机械结构设计，在此基础上设计结构的控制电路图，最后检查设计成果。设计的内容主要包括：
(1) 床身的设计，为使重新设计后的机床有较好的精度保持性，除尽可能地减少电器和机械故障的同时，应充分考虑机床零部件的耐磨性，尤其是机床导轨。为此，论文中采用旧床身淬火并贴膜。
(2) 拖板的设计，拖板是数控系统直接控制的对象，所以对其设计尤显重要。这中间最突出一点就是拆除光杆，丝杠，选用滚珠丝杠代替丝杠，提高了传动的灵敏性和降低功率步进电机力矩损失，在拖板的一端装配上步进电机。
(3) 变速箱体的安装，由于在拖板的一端装配上伺服电机，所以要对输入和输出轴以及减速齿轮进行设计，装配上变速箱体。
(4) 设计系统电路图，在机械结构的设计基础上，设计出由单片机控制的电路图，实现机械的自动化功能。
上述设计完成后，进行典型零件的加工，以检验设计成果。
关键词：经济型；数控车床；横向伺服单元
Design the Horizontal Servo Unit of Economic CNC Lathe
Abstract
This article is designed for horizontal servo feed system of general machine tools. Under the premise of NC system in a reasonable choice, and then design machinery to the ordinary lathe horizontal feed system, on this basis, design the control circuit of this structure. Final inspect the results of this design. The main content of design is:
(1)The design of bed, to enable the re-design of a machine to maintain the better accuracy, in addition to the extent possible, to reduce electrical and mechanical failure, at the same time, should take full account of the wear-resistance machine parts, in particular the machine tool. To this end, the paper uses the old bed quenching and transfer coating of splitting.
(2)The design of extension units，NC system extension units is the direct control of the object，therefore, its design is particularly important. The most prominent is removed rod, screw, the choice of ball screw instead of screw，enhance the transmission of sensitive and reduce the power loss stepper motor torque，in the end extension units on the stepper motor assembly.
(3)The install of Transmission，install the stepper motor on the end of the extension units，therefore, to the input and output shaft and the slowdown gear design，install gearbox.
(4)Design system schematics, on the basis of the mechanical structure, designed the circuit by the MCU control, and Implement automation of the machinery.
Upon completion of machinery structural design, typical components of the processing, designed to test results process typical component to test the design results.
Keywords：economic；CNC lathes；horizontal servo unit
目 录
Abstract
This article is designed for horizontal servo feed system of general machine tools. Under the premise of NC system in a reasonable choice, and then design machinery to the ordinary lathe horizontal feed system, on this basis, design the control circuit of this structure. Final inspect the results of this design. The main content of design is:
(1)The design of bed, to enable the re-design of a machine to maintain the better accuracy, in addition to the extent possible, to reduce electrical and mechanical failure, at the same time, should take full account of the wear-resistance machine parts, in particular the machine tool. To this end, the paper uses the old bed quenching and transfer coating of splitting.
(2)The design of extension units，NC system extension units is the direct control of the object，therefore, its design is particularly important. The most prominent is removed rod, screw, the choice of ball screw instead of screw，enhance the transmission of sensitive and reduce the power loss stepper motor torque，in the end extension units on the stepper motor assembly.
(3)The install of Transmission，install the stepper motor on the end of the extension units，therefore, to the input and output shaft and the slowdown gear design，install gearbox.
(4)Design system schematics, on the basis of the mechanical structure, designed the circuit by the MCU control, and Implement automation of the machinery.
Upon completion of machinery structural design, typical components of the processing, designed to test results process typical component to test the design results.
Keywords：economic；CNC lathes；horizontal servo unit
目 录
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章 绪论……………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1课题背景及目的……………………………………………………………………1
1.2国内外发展现状和发展趋势…………………………………………………………2
第2章 设计任务和设计方案的确定…………………………………………………………6
2.1设计任务…………………………………………………………………………6
2.2总方案的确定…………………………………………………………………………6
第3章 机械设计计算及机构设计说明………………………………………………………7
3.1横向进给系统的设计…………………………………………………………………7
3.2横向进给系统的设计计算……………………………………………………………7
3.2.1系统脉冲当量及切削力的确定……………………………………………………7
3.2.2切削力的计算（横车外圆）…………………………………………………………8
3.2.3滚珠丝杠的设计、计算和选型………………………………………………………9
3.2.4进给伺服系统传动计算 …………………………………………………………11
3.2.5步进电机的选用 …………………………………………………………………12
第4章 机械设计计算及机构设计说明……………………………………………………16
4.1微机控制系统硬件电路设计…………………………………………………………16
4.2单片机控制系统的设计………………………………………………………………17
4.2.1主要技术特性及硬件配置…………………………………………………………17
4.2.2存储器扩展电路设计 ……………………………………………………………19
4.2.3 I/O口接口电路设计 …………………………………………………………… 22
4.2.4辅助电路设计 ……………………………………………………………………23
4.2.5微机控制系统电路原理图 ………………………………………………………25
第5章 数控车床的加工程序编制………………………………………………………27
5.1经济型数控车床数控系统的程序编制说明…………………………………………27
5.1.1概述…………………………………………………………………………………27
5.1.2编码本系统用到如下数字、字母和符号…………………………………………27Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章 绪论……………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1课题背景及目的……………………………………………………………………1
1.2国内外发展现状和发展趋势…………………………………………………………2
第2章 设计任务和设计方案的确定…………………………………………………………6
2.1设计任务…………………………………………………………………………6
2.2总方案的确定…………………………………………………………………………6
第3章 机械设计计算及机构设计说明………………………………………………………7
3.1横向进给系统的设计…………………………………………………………………7
3.2横向进给系统的设计计算……………………………………………………………7
3.2.1系统脉冲当量及切削力的确定……………………………………………………7
3.2.2切削力的计算（横车外圆）…………………………………………………………8
3.2.3滚珠丝杠的设计、计算和选型………………………………………………………9
3.2.4进给伺服系统传动计算 …………………………………………………………11
3.2.5步进电机的选用 …………………………………………………………………12
第4章 机械设计计算及机构设计说明……………………………………………………16
4.1微机控制系统硬件电路设计…………………………………………………………16
4.2单片机控制系统的设计………………………………………………………………17
4.2.1主要技术特性及硬件配置…………………………………………………………17
4.2.2存储器扩展电路设计 ……………………………………………………………19
4.2.3 I/O口接口电路设计 …………………………………………………………… 22
4.2.4辅助电路设计 ……………………………………………………………………23
4.2.5微机控制系统电路原理图 ………………………………………………………25
第5章 数控车床的加工程序编制………………………………………………………27
5.1经济型数控车床数控系统的程序编制说明…………………………………………27
5.1.1概述…………………………………………………………………………………27
5.2加工说明及工艺路线设计……………………………………………………………27
5.3零件加工工序…………………………………………………………………………28
结论 ………………………………………………………………………………………30
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………31
附录………………………………………………………………………………………32
致谢………………………………………………………………………………………51
