摘  要

随着铁路的进一步提速以及列车总重的不断增加，对列车的纵向冲动提出了更高的要求 , 开发新型缓冲器有着十分重要的意义 。现介绍铁道机车车辆液气缓冲器的基本结构及其工作原理 , 并对其动力学特性进行了分析研究 。通过与传统的弹簧和橡胶缓冲器的比较 , 对液气缓冲器的性能进行了分析评价 , 为液气缓冲器在我国铁道机车车辆上的应用提供了理论依据 。作为机械设备的安全装置之一的缓冲器被广泛应用于港口起重机械领域的抗震缓冲。现有缓冲产品，由于受其材质、工艺等方面诸多因素的限制，能够适应起重领域需求的产品并不多见，所以开发一种新型的缓冲器有着十分重要的意义。自行设计的新型液气缓冲器使用了新型的阻尼结构，并利用氮气的无疲劳、
体积模量小的特点，使其容量及吸能性能优越，回弹时间短，能够以较小的行程获得较大的缓冲力，较好的适应了港口起重领域的发展需求。
关键词：缓冲器，地铁车辆，气液缓冲器

Abstract

With the railway to further speed and increasing the total weight of the train, put forward higher requirements on the train longitudinal impulse, has a very important significance to develop new buffer. In this paper the basic structure and working principle of the hydro-pneumatic buffer for railway locomotives and vehicles, and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed. Compared with the traditional spring and rubber buffers, analyzes and evaluates the performance of hydro-pneumatic buffer, provides a theoretical basis for the application of hydro-pneumatic buffer for railway locomotives and vehicles in our country. The seismic buffer as a buffer of safety equipments are widely used in port crane machinery field. The existing buffer products, due to the material, technology and other factors, can adapt to the crane field demand the product does not see more, so developing a new type of buffer has a very important significance. New buffer design using a new damping structure, and the use of nitrogen gas without fatigue,
The bulk modulus characteristics of small, the capacity and energy absorption performance, rebound time is short, with small stroke have buffer capacity larger, better adapted to the port development needs heavy field.
Keywords: buffer, metro vehicle, gas-liquid buffer