设计简介
铣床的数控X-Y工作台设计
摘 要
X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计 是一个开环控制系统,其结构简单。实现方便而且能够保证一定的精度。降低成本,是微机控制技术的最简单的应用。它充分的利用了危机的软件硬件功能以实现对机床的控制;使机床的加工范围扩大,精度和可靠性进一步得到提高。X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计是利用8031单片机,及2764,6264存储器及8155芯片等硬件组成,在控制系统的硬件上编写一定的程序以实现一定的加工功能。其基本思想是:通过圆弧或者直线插补程序以实现对零件进行几何加工,每进行一段加工都要产生一定的脉冲以驱动电机正反转,同时通过8155(1)将相应的加工进刀信息送至刀架库中以实现以之相应的走刀,电机和刀具的相对运动所以实现了刀具对工件的加工。该控制系统采用软件中断控制系统结构及子程序结构简单，条件明确在经济型数控中应用较多。中断结构采用模块化结构设计因为这种结构便于修改和扩充，编制较为方便，便于向多处理方向发展。X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计采用步进电机作为驱动装置。步进电机是一个将脉冲信号转移成角位移的机电式数模转换器装置。其工作原理是：每给一个脉冲便在定子电路中产生一定的空间旋转磁场；由于步进电机通的是三相交流电所以输入的脉冲数目及时间间隔不同，转子的旋转快慢及旋转时间的长短也是不同的。由于旋转磁场对放入其中的通电导体既转子切割磁力线时具有力的作用，从实现了旋转磁场的转动迫使转子作相应的转动，所以转子才可以实现转子带动丝杠作相应的运动。
关键词：X-Y数控工作台 丝杠螺母 步进电机
摘 要
X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计 是一个开环控制系统,其结构简单。实现方便而且能够保证一定的精度。降低成本,是微机控制技术的最简单的应用。它充分的利用了危机的软件硬件功能以实现对机床的控制;使机床的加工范围扩大,精度和可靠性进一步得到提高。X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计是利用8031单片机,及2764,6264存储器及8155芯片等硬件组成,在控制系统的硬件上编写一定的程序以实现一定的加工功能。其基本思想是:通过圆弧或者直线插补程序以实现对零件进行几何加工,每进行一段加工都要产生一定的脉冲以驱动电机正反转,同时通过8155(1)将相应的加工进刀信息送至刀架库中以实现以之相应的走刀,电机和刀具的相对运动所以实现了刀具对工件的加工。该控制系统采用软件中断控制系统结构及子程序结构简单，条件明确在经济型数控中应用较多。中断结构采用模块化结构设计因为这种结构便于修改和扩充，编制较为方便，便于向多处理方向发展。X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计采用步进电机作为驱动装置。步进电机是一个将脉冲信号转移成角位移的机电式数模转换器装置。其工作原理是：每给一个脉冲便在定子电路中产生一定的空间旋转磁场；由于步进电机通的是三相交流电所以输入的脉冲数目及时间间隔不同，转子的旋转快慢及旋转时间的长短也是不同的。由于旋转磁场对放入其中的通电导体既转子切割磁力线时具有力的作用，从实现了旋转磁场的转动迫使转子作相应的转动，所以转子才可以实现转子带动丝杠作相应的运动。
关键词：X-Y数控工作台 丝杠螺母 步进电机
Abstract
Electrical System Design CNC XY table is a open-loop control system, its structure is simple. Easy to be implemented and can guarantee accuracy. Reduce costs, computer control technology is the most simple applications. Full use of its software and hardware features of the crisis in order to achieve the control of machine tools; to expand the processing machine, further improving the accuracy and reliability. CNC XY table design is the use of mechanical and electrical system 8031, and 2764,6264, and 8155 memory chips and other hardware, the control system hardware, the preparation of certain procedures in order to achieve a certain processing functions. The basic idea is: by circular or linear interpolation procedure in order to achieve geometric processing of parts, each to produce a certain period of the pulse processing Douyao to drive motor rotating, and at the same time by 8155 (1) to the appropriate feed processing Information sent to the turret to the library in order to achieve the appropriate tool path, motors and tools to achieve the tool so the relative motion of the workpieces. The control system uses software interrupt control system structure and subroutine structure is simple, clear conditions for the application of NC in the economy more. Interrupt structure, modular structure designed for easy modification and expansion of this structure, the preparation is more convenient, easy to deal with the multi-direction. Electrical System Design CNC XY table with stepper motors as actuators. Stepper motor is a pulse signal to the transfer of angular displacement of the electromechanical analog converter device. Its working principle is: each to a pulse will be generated in the stator circuit in a certain space rotating magnetic field; as stepper motor through the three-phase AC input pulse so the number and time interval different from the rotor rotation speed and rotation length are different. As the rotating magnetic field into which the power conductor when either the rotor magnetic field lines cutting the role of a force from the rotation to achieve a rotating magnetic field to force the rotor to rotate accordingly, so the rotor can lead screw for the rotor corresponding movement.
Keywords: XY table CNC stepper motor screw nut
Electrical System Design CNC XY table is a open-loop control system, its structure is simple. Easy to be implemented and can guarantee accuracy. Reduce costs, computer control technology is the most simple applications. Full use of its software and hardware features of the crisis in order to achieve the control of machine tools; to expand the processing machine, further improving the accuracy and reliability. CNC XY table design is the use of mechanical and electrical system 8031, and 2764,6264, and 8155 memory chips and other hardware, the control system hardware, the preparation of certain procedures in order to achieve a certain processing functions. The basic idea is: by circular or linear interpolation procedure in order to achieve geometric processing of parts, each to produce a certain period of the pulse processing Douyao to drive motor rotating, and at the same time by 8155 (1) to the appropriate feed processing Information sent to the turret to the library in order to achieve the appropriate tool path, motors and tools to achieve the tool so the relative motion of the workpieces. The control system uses software interrupt control system structure and subroutine structure is simple, clear conditions for the application of NC in the economy more. Interrupt structure, modular structure designed for easy modification and expansion of this structure, the preparation is more convenient, easy to deal with the multi-direction. Electrical System Design CNC XY table with stepper motors as actuators. Stepper motor is a pulse signal to the transfer of angular displacement of the electromechanical analog converter device. Its working principle is: each to a pulse will be generated in the stator circuit in a certain space rotating magnetic field; as stepper motor through the three-phase AC input pulse so the number and time interval different from the rotor rotation speed and rotation length are different. As the rotating magnetic field into which the power conductor when either the rotor magnetic field lines cutting the role of a force from the rotation to achieve a rotating magnetic field to force the rotor to rotate accordingly, so the rotor can lead screw for the rotor corresponding movement.
Keywords: XY table CNC stepper motor screw nut
目录
摘 要 2
1.引言 6
2.设计任务 6
3.总体方案的确定 7
3.1 机械传动部件的选择 7
3.1.1导轨副的选用 7
3.1.2丝杠螺母副的选用 7
3.1.3减速装置的选用 7
3.1.4伺服电动机的选用 7
3.1.5检测装置的选用 7
3.2 控制系统的设计 8
3.3 绘制总体方案图 8
4.机械传动部件的计算与选型 8
4.1 导轨上移动部件的重量估算 8
4.2 铣削力的计算 8
4.3 直线滚动导轨副的计算与选型（纵向） 9
4.3.1 块承受工作载荷
的计算及导轨型号的选取 94.3.2 距离额定寿命L的计算 9
4.4 滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算与选型 10
4.4.1 最大工作载荷Fm的计算 10
4.4.2 最大动工作载荷FQ的计算 10
4.4.3 初选型号 10
4.4.4 传动效率η的计算 10
4.4.5 刚度的验算 11
4.4.6 压杆稳定性校核 11
4.5 步进电动机减速箱的选用 11
4.6 步进电动机的计算与选型 12
4.6.1 计算加在步进电动机转轴上的总转动惯量Jeq 12
4.6.2 计算加在步进电动机转轴上的等效负载转矩Teq 12
4.6.3 步进电动机最大静转矩的选定 14
4.6.4 步进电动机的性能校核 14
5.增量式旋转编码器的选用 15
6. 绘制进给传动系统示意图 16
7．工作台控制系统的设计 16
8.步进电动机的驱动电源选用 18
结束语 19
致谢 20
参考文献 21
