设计简介
摘要
随着社会经济的高速发展，挖掘装载机是一种十分重要的工程机械，它广泛用于公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口、矿山等建设工程。挖掘装载机俗称“两头忙”，它实际上是由三台建筑设备组成的单一装置，它包含了一台拖拉机、一台挖掘机和一台装载机。本次毕业设计为一种新型机型，型号为wz2011.
挖掘装载机所达到的装载量应当比别的装载机器所达到的铲装量稍微大一些。例如，如果一个机器可以一小时运载300吨物体，则挖掘装载机的装载能力应当稍大于300吨。当铲斗在制造时所需的装载量应当被精确计算出来。
装载机根据摇臂--连杆数目及铰接位置的不同，可组成不同形式的连杆机构。不同形式的连杆机构铲斗的铲起力随铲斗转角的变化关系，倾斜时的角速度大小及工作装置的运动特性也不同。因此装载机工作装置形式的选择，既要考虑结构简单又要考虑结构性质与铲掘方式来确定。
其装载铲斗的设计主要在于其铲斗机构的设计，斗容是铲斗设计的一个重要指标。当在一个硬的操作表面拖运松的颗粒材料时，对一个装载机来说，一个正常的基本循环周期大约为0.44-0.55分钟。这个过程包括装载、收斗、举升、翻斗、下降等过程。
当在一个硬的操作表面拖运松的颗粒材料时，对一个装载机来说，0.44-0.55分钟的基本循环周期是合情合理的。这个过程包括装载、收斗、举升、翻斗、下降等过程[1]。
挖掘部分主要由动臂、斗杆和挖掘铲斗构成，驱动装置和装载机类似，都采用液压驱动。
关键词：挖掘装载机 装载量 循环周期
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of economy, engineering is changing, of which machinery plays an irreplaceable role. Backhoe loader is a very important engineering machinery, it is widely used in highway, railway, construction, utilities, ports, mines and other constructionprojects. Backhoe Loader commonly known as "two busy ", it actuallyis composed of three single-unit construction equipment, which includes a tractor, an excavator and a loader. The graduation projectis designed to be community needs a new model, model wz2011.
The production required of a wheel loader should be slightly greater than production capability of the other critical units in the earth or materical moving system.For example,if a hopper can handle 300 tons per hour,a loader capable of slightly more than 300 tons should be used.Required production should be carefully calculated so the proper machine and bucket selections are made.
Loader rocker-connecting rod according to the number of different position and hinged, can make the different forms of link mechanism. Different forms of linkage mechanism of the bucket scooping up force with the change of the bucket corner relationship, tilt angular velocity and the size of the device the motion characteristics are different. So the choice of the form of loader working device, both must consider simple structure and to consider structure properties and shovel dug way to determine.
The design of the loader bucket institutions lies mainly in its design, let a bucket design is one of important index. When in a hard surface of the operation of the transferring loose particles material, to a loader for, a normal basic cycle is about 0.44-0.55 minutes. This process including loading, the measures, lifting, durable, decline process.
When hauling loose granular material on a hard smooth operating surface,a 0.45-0.55 minute basic cycle time is considered reasonable for caterpillar articulated loaders with a competent operator.This includes load,dump,four reversals of direction,full cycle of hydraulics and minimum travel.
Mining part mainly by the arm, measures stem and mining a bucket, device drivers and loaders similar with hydraulic drive.
Keywords: backhoe loaders；loading；cycle
目 录
绪论 1
第一章：挖掘装载机概述
1.1 国内外本课题现状及发展趋势 1
1.1.1挖掘装载机的型式 2
1.1.2国内外基本情况： 2
1.2 挖掘装载机发展特点 2
第二章：铲斗设计 4
2.1 铲斗结构形式的选择 4
2.2 装载铲斗基本参数的确定 4
2.3 斗容的计算 6
第三章：装载机工作装置设计 7
3.1 工作装置设计方案 7
3.2 装载机工作装置结构设 7
第四章 装载装置的受力分析 14
4.1 外载荷的确定 14
4.2 工作装置的受力分析 15
4.3 强度校核 20
第五章 挖掘装置的设计 22
5.1 铲斗总体方案的选择 22
5.2 斗型参数的选择 22
5.3 斗杆机构参数选择 23
5.4 铲斗机构参数选择 24
第六章 WZ2011装载机工作装置三维图 27
6.1 工作装置三维图 27
第七章 PLC在机械手控制系统中的应用.....................................................................................30
7.1 plc概况及应用.................................................................................................................30
7.2 机械手动作过程................................................................................................................31
7.3 机械手操作方式................................................................................................................32
7.4 PLC程序设计.....................................................................................................................34
7.5 搬运机械手的软件系统设计............................................................................................39
设计总结 48
参考文献 49
致谢 50
随着社会经济的高速发展，挖掘装载机是一种十分重要的工程机械，它广泛用于公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口、矿山等建设工程。挖掘装载机俗称“两头忙”，它实际上是由三台建筑设备组成的单一装置，它包含了一台拖拉机、一台挖掘机和一台装载机。本次毕业设计为一种新型机型，型号为wz2011.
挖掘装载机所达到的装载量应当比别的装载机器所达到的铲装量稍微大一些。例如，如果一个机器可以一小时运载300吨物体，则挖掘装载机的装载能力应当稍大于300吨。当铲斗在制造时所需的装载量应当被精确计算出来。
装载机根据摇臂--连杆数目及铰接位置的不同，可组成不同形式的连杆机构。不同形式的连杆机构铲斗的铲起力随铲斗转角的变化关系，倾斜时的角速度大小及工作装置的运动特性也不同。因此装载机工作装置形式的选择，既要考虑结构简单又要考虑结构性质与铲掘方式来确定。
其装载铲斗的设计主要在于其铲斗机构的设计，斗容是铲斗设计的一个重要指标。当在一个硬的操作表面拖运松的颗粒材料时，对一个装载机来说，一个正常的基本循环周期大约为0.44-0.55分钟。这个过程包括装载、收斗、举升、翻斗、下降等过程。
当在一个硬的操作表面拖运松的颗粒材料时，对一个装载机来说，0.44-0.55分钟的基本循环周期是合情合理的。这个过程包括装载、收斗、举升、翻斗、下降等过程[1]。
挖掘部分主要由动臂、斗杆和挖掘铲斗构成，驱动装置和装载机类似，都采用液压驱动。
关键词：挖掘装载机 装载量 循环周期
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of economy, engineering is changing, of which machinery plays an irreplaceable role. Backhoe loader is a very important engineering machinery, it is widely used in highway, railway, construction, utilities, ports, mines and other constructionprojects. Backhoe Loader commonly known as "two busy ", it actuallyis composed of three single-unit construction equipment, which includes a tractor, an excavator and a loader. The graduation projectis designed to be community needs a new model, model wz2011.
The production required of a wheel loader should be slightly greater than production capability of the other critical units in the earth or materical moving system.For example,if a hopper can handle 300 tons per hour,a loader capable of slightly more than 300 tons should be used.Required production should be carefully calculated so the proper machine and bucket selections are made.
Loader rocker-connecting rod according to the number of different position and hinged, can make the different forms of link mechanism. Different forms of linkage mechanism of the bucket scooping up force with the change of the bucket corner relationship, tilt angular velocity and the size of the device the motion characteristics are different. So the choice of the form of loader working device, both must consider simple structure and to consider structure properties and shovel dug way to determine.
The design of the loader bucket institutions lies mainly in its design, let a bucket design is one of important index. When in a hard surface of the operation of the transferring loose particles material, to a loader for, a normal basic cycle is about 0.44-0.55 minutes. This process including loading, the measures, lifting, durable, decline process.
When hauling loose granular material on a hard smooth operating surface,a 0.45-0.55 minute basic cycle time is considered reasonable for caterpillar articulated loaders with a competent operator.This includes load,dump,four reversals of direction,full cycle of hydraulics and minimum travel.
Mining part mainly by the arm, measures stem and mining a bucket, device drivers and loaders similar with hydraulic drive.
Keywords: backhoe loaders；loading；cycle
目 录
绪论 1
第一章：挖掘装载机概述
1.1 国内外本课题现状及发展趋势 1
1.1.1挖掘装载机的型式 2
1.1.2国内外基本情况： 2
1.2 挖掘装载机发展特点 2
第二章：铲斗设计 4
2.1 铲斗结构形式的选择 4
2.2 装载铲斗基本参数的确定 4
2.3 斗容的计算 6
第三章：装载机工作装置设计 7
3.1 工作装置设计方案 7
3.2 装载机工作装置结构设 7
第四章 装载装置的受力分析 14
4.1 外载荷的确定 14
4.2 工作装置的受力分析 15
4.3 强度校核 20
第五章 挖掘装置的设计 22
5.1 铲斗总体方案的选择 22
5.2 斗型参数的选择 22
5.3 斗杆机构参数选择 23
5.4 铲斗机构参数选择 24
第六章 WZ2011装载机工作装置三维图 27
6.1 工作装置三维图 27
第七章 PLC在机械手控制系统中的应用.....................................................................................30
7.1 plc概况及应用.................................................................................................................30
7.2 机械手动作过程................................................................................................................31
7.3 机械手操作方式................................................................................................................32
7.4 PLC程序设计.....................................................................................................................34
7.5 搬运机械手的软件系统设计............................................................................................39
设计总结 48
参考文献 49
致谢 50
