设计简介
摘 要
在机械制造的机械加工，检验，装配，焊接和热处理等冷热工艺过程中，使用着大量的夹具，用以安装加工对象，使之占有正确的位置，以保证零件和工件的质量。
本次设计主要是进行填料箱盖零件的专用夹具的设计，是对我们以往所学知识的总结和对我们所掌握知识的一次扩展。填料箱盖，其主要作用是保证对箱体起密封作用，使箱体在工作时不致让油液渗漏。对内表面的加工精度要求比较高,对配合面的表面粗糙度要求也较高。
本次设计旨在提高填料箱盖的加工效率，设计正确的加工工艺路线。由此我们首先对填料箱盖的结构特征和工艺进行了仔细的分析，然后确定了一套合理的加工方案。加工方案要求简单，操作方便，并能保证零件的加工质量。填料箱盖的加工质量将直接影响机器的性能和使用寿命。
在夹具设计方面，我设计了其第8个工序磨
孔底面和第11个工序钻12孔的专用夹具。考虑诸多因素拟订最优方案，最终完成本次设计。
关键词：填料箱盖，零件，毛坯，夹具
ABSTRACT
The machine made in the machine processes, examining, assembling, welding with heat handle to wait cold and hot craft process in, use a great deal of tongs, in order to the gearing process object, making it occupy right position to promise the quality of spare parts and work piece.
This design is mainly the design of appropriation tongs which carries Stuffing box cover spare parts, is tally up the knowledge that we learn before and to the once expanding of the knowledge that we control.Filler lid, whose main role is to ensure that acts as a seal on the box so that the box will not let you work the oil leakage.Inner surface machining accuracy is relatively high, with the surface of the surface roughness is high ,too.
This designed to increase the processing efficiency of filler lid, and design the right processing route.Thus we were carefully analyzed the structural features and processes of filler cover first , and then determine a reasonable processing program.Processing program requiring a simple and easy to operate, and to ensure part quality.Processing quality of filler lid will directly affect the machine's performance and service life.
In the fixture design，I designed special jigs for 8 step grinding hole bottom and the 11 steps drilled 12 holes.considering many factors to draw up the superior project, end completion originally time design.
Keywords:Filler lid, parts, stock, jig
目 录
第一章 前 言.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 机械加工历史背景及其意义..................................................................................... 1
1.2 机械行业的现状及发展趋势..................................................................................... 1
1.3 机械加工工艺规程制订............................................................................................. 1
1.3.1 机械加工工艺过程的定义.............................................................................. 1
1.3.2 机械加工工艺过程的组成.............................................................................. 2
1.3.3 机械加工工艺规程的定义.............................................................................. 2
1.3.4 机械加工工艺规程的作用及内容.................................................................. 2
1.3.5 制订机械加工工艺规程的原则及步骤.......................................................... 3
第二章 零件分析............................................................................................................... 4
2.1 零件的作用................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 零件的工艺性分析..................................................................................................... 4
第三章 毛坯的选择.......................................................................................................... 5
3.1 毛坯的制造形式......................................................................................................... 5
3.2 毛坯的技术要求......................................................................................................... 5
第四章 基准面的选择..................................................................................................... 6
4.1 粗基准的选择............................................................................................................. 6
4.2 精基准的选择............................................................................................................. 6
第五章 工艺路线............................................................................................................... 7
5.1 工艺路线方案一......................................................................................................... 7
5.2 工艺路线方案二......................................................................................................... 7
5.3 工艺方案的比较与分析............................................................................................. 8
第六章 确定机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸......................................... 9
第七章 确定切削用量及基本工时.......................................................................... 10
7.1 工序3：车削端面、外圆........................................................................................ 10
7.1.1 加工条件........................................................................................................ 10
7.1.2 计算切削用量................................................................................................ 10
7.2 工序4：粗车外圆以及槽和倒角..................................... 12
7.2.1 粗车
外圆............................................................................................... 13
7.2.2 粗车
外圆................................................................................................. 15
7.2.3 粗车
外圆................................................................................................. 15
7.2.4 粗车
外圆................................................................................................. 16
7.2.5 车7.5槽......................................................................................................... 16
7.3 工序5：钻扩
孔、及锪
孔.............................................................. 16
7.3.1 钻孔
................................................................................................... 17
7.3.2 扩孔
mm................................................................................................... 18
7.3.3 锪圆柱式沉头孔............................................................................... 19
7.4 工序6：精车
外圆及与
相接的端面...................... 19
7.4.1 精车端面................................................................................................. 20
7.4.2 精车
外圆.......................................................................................... 21
7.4.3 精车
外圆.......................................................................................... 21
7.5 工序7：粗、精、细镗
孔......................................................... 22
7.5.1 粗镗孔至
....................................................................................... 23
7.5.2 精镗孔至
....................................................................................... 23
7.5.3 细镗孔至
........................................................................... 23
7.6 工序8：磨
孔底面.................................................................................... 24
7.7 工序9：镗孔底沟槽................................................................................ 25
7.8 工序10：研磨孔底面.............................................................................. 26
7.9 工序11：钻6-
，2-M10-6H，4-M10-6H深20孔深24............................. 26
7.9.1 钻孔
................................................................................................. 27
7.9.2 钻
底孔
........................................................................... 28
7.9.3 钻
深20孔深24，底孔
................................................ 28
7.9.4 攻螺纹
................................................................................... 29
7.9.5 攻螺纹
.................................................................................... 29
第八章 关于夹具设计................................................................................................... 31
8.1 夹具设计的意义....................................................................................................... 31
8.2 夹具的发展趋势....................................................................................................... 32
第九章 设计夹具............................................................................................................. 34
9.1 磨床专用夹具设计................................................................................................... 34
9.1.1 定位方案........................................................................................................ 34
9.1.2 夹紧方案........................................................................................................ 35
9.1.3 确定切削用量，切削速度............................................................................ 35
9.1.4 基本时间........................................................................................................ 35
9.1.5 定位误差的分析............................................................................................ 36
9.2 钻床专用夹具设计................................................................................................... 36
9.2.1 定位基准的选择............................................................................................ 36
9.2.2 切削力及夹紧力的计算................................................................................ 36
9.2.3 定位误差的分析............................................................................................ 38
9.2.4 夹具设计及操作的简要说明........................................................................ 38
第十章 结 论.................................................................................................................... 39
参考文献.............................................................................................................................. 40
致 谢................................................................................................................................... 41
附 录................................................................................................................................... 42
在机械制造的机械加工，检验，装配，焊接和热处理等冷热工艺过程中，使用着大量的夹具，用以安装加工对象，使之占有正确的位置，以保证零件和工件的质量。
本次设计主要是进行填料箱盖零件的专用夹具的设计，是对我们以往所学知识的总结和对我们所掌握知识的一次扩展。填料箱盖，其主要作用是保证对箱体起密封作用，使箱体在工作时不致让油液渗漏。对内表面的加工精度要求比较高,对配合面的表面粗糙度要求也较高。
本次设计旨在提高填料箱盖的加工效率，设计正确的加工工艺路线。由此我们首先对填料箱盖的结构特征和工艺进行了仔细的分析，然后确定了一套合理的加工方案。加工方案要求简单，操作方便，并能保证零件的加工质量。填料箱盖的加工质量将直接影响机器的性能和使用寿命。
在夹具设计方面，我设计了其第8个工序磨
孔底面和第11个工序钻12孔的专用夹具。考虑诸多因素拟订最优方案，最终完成本次设计。关键词：填料箱盖，零件，毛坯，夹具
ABSTRACT
The machine made in the machine processes, examining, assembling, welding with heat handle to wait cold and hot craft process in, use a great deal of tongs, in order to the gearing process object, making it occupy right position to promise the quality of spare parts and work piece.
This design is mainly the design of appropriation tongs which carries Stuffing box cover spare parts, is tally up the knowledge that we learn before and to the once expanding of the knowledge that we control.Filler lid, whose main role is to ensure that acts as a seal on the box so that the box will not let you work the oil leakage.Inner surface machining accuracy is relatively high, with the surface of the surface roughness is high ,too.
This designed to increase the processing efficiency of filler lid, and design the right processing route.Thus we were carefully analyzed the structural features and processes of filler cover first , and then determine a reasonable processing program.Processing program requiring a simple and easy to operate, and to ensure part quality.Processing quality of filler lid will directly affect the machine's performance and service life.
In the fixture design，I designed special jigs for 8 step grinding
hole bottom and the 11 steps drilled 12 holes.considering many factors to draw up the superior project, end completion originally time design.Keywords:Filler lid, parts, stock, jig
目 录
第一章 前 言.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 机械加工历史背景及其意义..................................................................................... 1
1.2 机械行业的现状及发展趋势..................................................................................... 1
1.3 机械加工工艺规程制订............................................................................................. 1
1.3.1 机械加工工艺过程的定义.............................................................................. 1
1.3.2 机械加工工艺过程的组成.............................................................................. 2
1.3.3 机械加工工艺规程的定义.............................................................................. 2
1.3.4 机械加工工艺规程的作用及内容.................................................................. 2
1.3.5 制订机械加工工艺规程的原则及步骤.......................................................... 3
第二章 零件分析............................................................................................................... 4
2.1 零件的作用................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 零件的工艺性分析..................................................................................................... 4
第三章 毛坯的选择.......................................................................................................... 5
3.1 毛坯的制造形式......................................................................................................... 5
3.2 毛坯的技术要求......................................................................................................... 5
第四章 基准面的选择..................................................................................................... 6
4.1 粗基准的选择............................................................................................................. 6
4.2 精基准的选择............................................................................................................. 6
第五章 工艺路线............................................................................................................... 7
5.1 工艺路线方案一......................................................................................................... 7
5.2 工艺路线方案二......................................................................................................... 7
5.3 工艺方案的比较与分析............................................................................................. 8
第六章 确定机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸......................................... 9
第七章 确定切削用量及基本工时.......................................................................... 10
7.1 工序3：车削端面、外圆........................................................................................ 10
7.1.1 加工条件........................................................................................................ 10
7.1.2 计算切削用量................................................................................................ 10
7.2 工序4：粗车
外圆以及槽和倒角..................................... 127.2.1 粗车
外圆............................................................................................... 137.2.2 粗车
外圆................................................................................................. 157.2.3 粗车
外圆................................................................................................. 157.2.4 粗车
外圆................................................................................................. 167.2.5 车7.5槽......................................................................................................... 16
7.3 工序5：钻扩
孔、及锪孔.............................................................. 167.3.1 钻孔
................................................................................................... 177.3.2 扩孔
mm................................................................................................... 187.3.3 锪圆柱式沉头孔
............................................................................... 197.4 工序6：精车
外圆及与相接的端面...................... 197.4.1 精车
端面................................................................................................. 207.4.2 精车
外圆.......................................................................................... 217.4.3 精车
外圆.......................................................................................... 217.5 工序7：粗、精、细镗
孔......................................................... 227.5.1 粗镗孔至
....................................................................................... 237.5.2 精镗孔至
....................................................................................... 237.5.3 细镗孔至
........................................................................... 237.6 工序8：磨
孔底面.................................................................................... 247.7 工序9：镗
孔底沟槽................................................................................ 257.8 工序10：研磨
孔底面.............................................................................. 267.9 工序11：钻6-
，2-M10-6H，4-M10-6H深20孔深24............................. 267.9.1 钻孔
................................................................................................. 277.9.2 钻
底孔........................................................................... 287.9.3 钻
深20孔深24，底孔................................................ 287.9.4 攻螺纹
................................................................................... 297.9.5 攻螺纹
.................................................................................... 29第八章 关于夹具设计................................................................................................... 31
8.1 夹具设计的意义....................................................................................................... 31
8.2 夹具的发展趋势....................................................................................................... 32
第九章 设计夹具............................................................................................................. 34
9.1 磨床专用夹具设计................................................................................................... 34
9.1.1 定位方案........................................................................................................ 34
9.1.2 夹紧方案........................................................................................................ 35
9.1.3 确定切削用量，切削速度............................................................................ 35
9.1.4 基本时间........................................................................................................ 35
9.1.5 定位误差的分析............................................................................................ 36
9.2 钻床专用夹具设计................................................................................................... 36
9.2.1 定位基准的选择............................................................................................ 36
9.2.2 切削力及夹紧力的计算................................................................................ 36
9.2.3 定位误差的分析............................................................................................ 38
9.2.4 夹具设计及操作的简要说明........................................................................ 38
第十章 结 论.................................................................................................................... 39
参考文献.............................................................................................................................. 40
致 谢................................................................................................................................... 41
附 录................................................................................................................................... 42
